I ran a query on Basketball Reference and found that the largest number of consecutive 100+ point scoring outputs without a win was the 1967-68 San Diego Rockets (they didn't move to Houston until the 1971-72 season), who lost 15 straight games to end the season (including a 156-114 blowout against the Baltimore Bullets). Keep in mind there was no 3 pt line back then, which makes the scoring outputs all the more impressive.
Another fun fact about that Rockets team was that they had a rookie guard by the name of Pat Reilly who averaged 8 points in 16 minutes per game.
The record for most consecutive 110 + point allowed games in the 2000s is the 2007-08 Sonics who did it for 10 straight games. The overall record is the Cincinnati Royals for 31 straight games between the 1969-70 and 1970-71 seasons.
